Tissue repair
BPC-157
Also known as Body Protection Compound-157
Synthetic peptide fragment studied mainly in rodent models of tendon, gut and soft-tissue injury.
Where the evidence comes from
83 verified records from 12 countries. The number of studies or countries is not proof that BPC-157 works or is safe.
Human clinical trial: 4 · Narrative review: 36 · Animal study: 41 · Systematic review / meta-analysis: 1 · Observational human study: 1
What is known
Editorial summary not yet written.
What remains uncertain
Editorial summary not yet written.
Conflicting findings
Editorial summary not yet written.
U.S. regulatory status (FDA)
Compound
Product or formulation
FDA status
FDA-approved branded drug
Approved indication
Metara availability (compounded formulation)
Research material (research use only)
Source
Last verified
Notes
Approval applies only to the exact finished drug, formulation and indication. A shared active ingredient does not make a compounded version, blend or other use FDA-approved. Pharmacy or research-material availability is not FDA approval.
International regulatory status
Kept separate from U.S. status. The regulator's country is not the same as where studies took place.
No sourced international decisions recorded yet.
Continue your research
These are two different pathways, not two ways to get the same thing. Neither changes the FDA status shown above.
Clinical care
Available through Metara Health
Explore clinician-guided care and available pharmacy options.
EXPLORE METARA HEALTH →Research materials
Available through BioNex Peptides
Explore research-use materials, lot-specific analytical testing and research documentation.
EXPLORE BIONEX →Limitations
Almost all evidence comes from animal studies, largely from one research group. Human safety and efficacy data are very limited.
Human clinical evidence (5)
Impact of BPC-157 on Recovery From Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery
University of Arkansas · ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07803250
This registered human pilot trial will compare BPC-157 with placebo for tendon healing and functional recovery after rotator cuff repair surgery. It is not yet recruiting, and no results are reported.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial of Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 for Accelerated Repair of Acute Grade II Hamstring Strain Confirmed by MRI
Hudson Biotech · ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07437547
This recruiting human trial is designed to compare investigational BPC-157 with placebo, alongside rehabilitation, in people with an acute partial hamstring tear confirmed by MRI. It will assess return to unrestricted sport and changes in injury size on MRI. No results are provided.
A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Peptide Gummies on Markers of Inflammation, Physical Performance, and Recovery
Parlay Wellness · ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07752381
This human trial record describes a study of BPC-157-containing gummies in physically active adults, examining blood markers of inflammation and self-reported physical performance and muscle and joint recovery. It is marked completed, but no results are provided.
Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain.
Lee E, Padgett B · Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine · PMID 34324435
This small retrospective human study reviewed knee injections of BPC-157, alone or combined with thymosin-beta-4, for different causes of knee pain. Most patients reached by telephone reported pain relief. The study lacked a control group and did not use standardized measures of function or quality of life.
Phase I, Pilot Study in Healthy Volunteers, to Assess the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of PCO-02, Which Active Ingredient is BPC-157, a Penta-deca-peptide From Gastric Source
PharmaCotherapia d.o.o. · ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT02637284
This early-phase human trial record describes a planned study of PCO-02, containing BPC-157, in healthy volunteers to assess safety and how the peptide moves through the body. Its status is listed as unknown, and no results are provided.
Systematic & narrative reviews (37)
BPC-157 as an Investigational Peptide Therapeutic: Biopharmaceutical Challenges, Formulation Strategies, and Translational Development Barriers
Mateescu DM, Gavrilescu DM, Constantinescu FE, Oancea C, Ilie AC, Folescu R, Popa MD, Iurciuc S, Muresan CO, Enache A · Pharmaceutics · DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics18050625
This review examined barriers to developing BPC-157 as a medicine, drawing on animal research and limited human pilot studies. It found that how the peptide behaves in humans remains poorly characterized, and no pharmaceutical-grade formulation has been developed or validated. Available human evidence came from small, uncontrolled studies, with no completed phase II trial.
Conventional Antiarrhythmics Class I-IV, Late INa Inhibitors, IKs Enhancers, RyR2 Stabilizers, Gap Junction Modulators, Atrial-Selective Antiarrhythmics, and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Useful Cytoprotective Therapy in Arrhythmias
Sikiric P, Barisic I, Udovicic M, Lovric Bencic M, Balenovic D, Strinic D, Zivanovic Posilovic G, Uzun S, Vranes H, Krezic I, Lozic M, Stambolija V, Premuzic Mestrovic I, Beketic Oreskovic L, Oreskovic I, Strbe S, Sikiric S, Tomic L, Kordic M, Tvrdeic A, Seiwerth S, Boban Blagaic A, Skrtic A · Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · DOI 10.3390/ph19020235
This review explored cell protection as a way to assess heart rhythm medicines, including BPC-157 evidence from rodent experiments and laboratory-grown cells. It reported that BPC-157 counteracted several rhythm disturbances in animals and stabilized electrical properties in cells. The authors stated that limited human evidence needs expansion to test this proposed approach.
Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.
Mendias CL, Awan TM · Sports Medicine · DOI 10.1007/s40279-026-02437-0
This review examined peptide safety and effectiveness for musculoskeletal injuries and athletic performance, drawing on animal findings and available human evidence. Many unapproved peptides showed favorable tissue repair and metabolic outcomes in animals, but rigorous human safety data were scarce and there was potential for serious harm.
From Regeneration to Analgesia: The Role of BPC-157 in Tissue Repair and Pain Management
Yuan C, Demers A, Silva-Ortiz V, Hasoon JJ, Lee W, Dave K, Amirdelfan K, Burke HW, Christo PJ, Robinson CL · International journal of molecular sciences · DOI 10.3390/ijms27062876
This review examined BPC-157 for tissue repair and pain, drawing mainly on animal and laboratory research plus small human pilot studies. Preclinical studies reported improved healing and reduced inflammation, while human studies suggested potential benefit without reported major adverse effects. The authors emphasized that limited human evidence and inconsistent preparation standards require rigorous controlled trials.
Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging.
Mavrych V, Shypilova I, Bolgova O · Frontiers in aging · DOI 10.3389/fragi.2026.1790247
This review examined human clinical and preclinical evidence on peptides targeting aging-related changes, including BPC-157 for tissue repair. Investigational peptides showed promising preclinical and limited clinical evidence but lacked long-term safety data and systematic validation. The authors conclude that rigorous clinical trials are needed to establish their safety and effectiveness for extending healthy life.
Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.
Rahman OF, Lee SJ, Seeds WA · Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · DOI 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00236
This review examined peptides, including BPC-157, for bone, joint, and muscle injuries, drawing on preclinical research rather than established human trial evidence. It describes effects on tissue repair, inflammation, and recovery pathways. The authors characterize the preclinical findings as promising but emphasize the current lack of clinical trials.
Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians.
Mayfield CK, Bolia IK, Feingold CL, Lin EH, Liu JN, Rick Hatch GF · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · DOI 10.1177/03635465251357593
This review examined injectable peptides for orthopaedic injuries and sports medicine using laboratory, animal, and human research. BPC-157, TB-4, and TB-500 showed tissue-repair potential mainly in preclinical studies, while human evidence was limited or lacking. The authors concluded that evidence remains insufficient to support clinical use and that further safety and effectiveness research is needed.
Cytoprotection as a Unifying Strategy for Hemorrhage and Thrombosis: The Role of BPC 157 and Related Therapeutics
Sikiric P, Barisic I, Udovicic M, Lovric Bencic M, Balenovic D, Strinic D, Posilovic GZ, Uzun S, Vranes H, Krezic I, Lozic M, Stambolija V, Premuzic Mestrovic I, Oreskovic LB, Kalogjera L, Strbe S, Sikiric S, Tomic L, Stupnisek M, Kordic M, Tvrdeic A, Seiwerth S, Boban Blagaic A, Skrtic A · Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · DOI 10.3390/ph19030463
This review examined BPC-157 as a way to protect blood vessels and address both bleeding and blood clots, relying largely on animal research. In rodents, BPC-157 could counteract both problems without directly affecting the blood-clotting process. The authors emphasized that these preclinical findings need further clinical validation.
Laboratory, animal & other research (41)
Effects of BPC-157 and TB-500 on Achilles tendon healing in rats: A histopathological and biomechanical study.
Biçer O, Adanir O, Güleryüz Y, Balci EC, Dinçel YM, Yenigün MY, Aydin C, Bayrak BY · Joint diseases and related surgery · DOI 10.52312/jdrs.2026.2951
This animal study tested BPC-157, TB-500, and their combination after Achilles tendon injury and repair in rats. Both peptides were associated with improved tendon tissue organization, but only TB-500 significantly increased the force tendons could withstand before breaking; BPC-157's overall tissue scores were not significantly improved. Combining the peptides provided no additional benefit.
Protective effects of BPC 157 in rats with experimentally induced lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion injury
Yıldırım AK, Demirtaş H, Özer A, Arslan M · Scientific reports · DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-55449-1
This animal study tested BPC-157 in male rats with leg muscle injury caused by interrupted and then restored blood flow. BPC-157 reduced markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death, and improved muscle tissue structure. The findings suggest protective effects, but further research is needed to establish clinical relevance.
Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Experimental Lower-Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Demirtaş H, Özer A, Yıldırım AK, Dursun AD, Sezen ŞC, Arslan M · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · DOI 10.3390/medicina61020291
This animal study examined whether BPC-157 protected the liver, kidneys, and lungs in male rats after blood flow to the legs was interrupted and restored. BPC-157 reduced tissue damage in these distant organs and increased antioxidant activity. The authors concluded that it had a significant protective effect in this rat model.
Duodenocolic fistula healing by pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in rats. A cytoprotection viewpoint
Vukusic D, Zenko Sever A, Sever M, Drmic D, Milavic M, Sikiric S, Rasic D, Krezic I, Gojkovic S, Prtoric A, Bubalo P, Coric L, Dobric I, Boban Blagaic A, Rasic Z, Skrtic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P · Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society · DOI 10.26402/jpp.2024.1.09
This animal study tested BPC 157 in rats with surgically created abnormal connections between the small intestine and colon. All treated rats had closure of both openings, no leakage or diarrhea, and less internal scarring and intestinal blockage. Rapid recovery of blood vessels appeared to be important for healing.
Stomach perforation-induced general occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy effect
Kalogjera L, Krezic I, Smoday IM, Vranes H, Zizek H, Yago H, Oroz K, Vukovic V, Kavelj I, Novosel L, Zubcic S, Barisic I, Beketic Oreskovic L, Strbe S, Sever M, Sjekavica I, Skrtic A, Boban Blagaic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P · World journal of gastroenterology · DOI 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4289
This animal study examined BPC-157 in rats with a perforated stomach and severe blood vessel and organ dysfunction. BPC-157 reduced bleeding, clotting, abnormal blood pressures, and injury across multiple organs while promoting contraction of the stomach defect. The findings were from an acute rat experiment, not a human trial.
Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 efficiently reduces radiation-induced liver injury and lipid accumulation through Kruppel-like factor 4 upregulation both in vivo and in vitro
Huang BS, Huang SC, Chen FH, Chang Y, Mei HF, Huang HY, Chen WY, Pang JS · Life sciences · DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121072
This animal and laboratory study tested BPC 157 against radiation-induced liver injury in mice and cultured rat liver cells. BPC 157 reduced liver injury, cell death, and fat accumulation while increasing a protein called KLF4. Reducing KLF4 in the cultured cells abolished protection against cell death and fat accumulation.
Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 counteracts L-NAME-induced catalepsy. BPC 157, L-NAME, L-arginine, NO-relation, in the suited rat acute and chronic models resembling 'positive-like' symptoms of schizophrenia
Zemba Cilic A, Zemba M, Cilic M, Balenovic I, Strbe S, Ilic S, Vukojevic J, Zoricic Z, Filipcic I, Kokot A, Drmic D, Blagaic AB, Tvrdeic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P · Behavioural brain research · DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112919
This animal study tested BPC-157 in rats with drug-induced movement disturbances used to model some schizophrenia-like symptoms. BPC-157 counteracted abnormal movement, rigid immobility, and increased responsiveness after repeated methamphetamine exposure. Its effects persisted when nitric oxide signaling was blocked or overstimulated; clinical applications remain to be determined.
Modulatory effects of BPC 157 on vasomotor tone and the activation of Src-Caveolin-1-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway
Hsieh MJ, Lee CH, Chueh HY, Chang GJ, Huang HY, Lin Y, Pang JS · Scientific reports · DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-74022-y
This animal-tissue and cell laboratory study examined how BPC-157 affects blood vessel relaxation. BPC-157 relaxed isolated rat aortas through a nitric oxide-dependent process involving the vessel lining. The findings suggest that it stimulates nitric oxide production through the Src–Caveolin-1–eNOS signaling pathway.
Browse worldwide evidence → · Search and filter all BPC-157 studies →
Next steps
Profile last reviewed September 26, 2026. Educational content only. Not medical advice, a dosing protocol or a treatment recommendation.