How we review evidence

Verification first

Each study is matched to its original publication, compound, study population and outcome before it appears. Reports we can't match are held for editorial review and are not shown as established facts.

Human vs. lab evidence

Human randomized and observational studies are listed separately from animal, lab (in vitro) and review literature. A result in mice is not a result in people.

U.S. regulatory labels

FDA-approved branded drug exists
Listed formulation is not FDA-approved
Investigational or unapproved

Approval belongs to a specific branded product and indication. Sharing an active ingredient does not make a compounded or blended product FDA-approved.

Study location

A study's country is research context only. It is not evidence that a product is approved there or in the U.S.

Not medical advice

We don't publish dose tables, prices or treatment instructions. Prescribing, eligibility and product choice belong with licensed clinicians and the dispensing pharmacy.